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Journal introduction
Founded in: 1972
Headed by: China Huaneng Group Co., Ltd.
Sponsored by: Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Chinese Society for Electrical Engineering
Periodicity: Monthly
Standard Serial Number:CN 61-1111/TM, ISSN 1002-3364
TEL: (86-029) 82002270
E-mail: rlfdzzs@tpri.com.cn
Design and performance analysis of a novel solar polygeneration system based on S-CO2 Brayton cycle
WANG Gang;XU Chenxu;GAO Chuntian;[Objective] To improve the comprehensive energy utilization efficiency of solar thermal power generation, this paper presents a novel linear Fresnel reflector(LFR) concentrated solar polygeneration system using supercritical carbon dioxide(S-CO2) Brayton cycle and organic Rankine cycle(ORC), which is designed for producing electricity, fresh water and hydrogen. [Methods] By using the Ebsilon code, the operation performance of the polygeneration system is investigated. [Results] The results show that the output power and Brayton cycle efficiency of the polygeneration system are 50.0 MW and 44.0%, respectively. The hydrogen production rate and freshwater production rate of the polygeneration system are 18.34 kg/h and 311.61 t/h, respectively. The LFR solar section, Brayton cycle, ORC hydrogen production section and multistage flash desalination facility can achieve the coordinated operation effectively during a long term. [Conclusion] The economic performance evaluation results show that for the polygeneration system, its levelized costs of electricity, hydrogen and freshwater are 0.72 yuan/(kW·h), 28.8 yuan/kg and 7.75 yuan/t, respectively, revealing the economic feasibility of the polygeneration system.
Dynamic characteristics of a 660 MW ultra-supercritical double-reheat coal-fired boiler with triple-rear passes
QIAO Yongqiang;YAN Junjie;LIU Ming;LI Hongzhi;WANG Chaoyang;ZHAO Yongliang;The ultra-supercritical double-reheat power generation technology has become an important development direction of thermal power generation technology due to its high efficiency and low emissions. A dynamic simulation model of the double-reheat boiler was established by the GSE software based on a 660 MW ultrasupercritical double-reheat coal-fired boiler with triple-rear passes. The variation laws of the main, primary, and secondary reheat steam parameters after disturbance by coal flow rate, feed-water flow rate, feed-water temperature and excess air coefficient under 100%THA working condition were calculated in detail. Moreover, the variation laws of steam temperature at the boiler outlet under the working conditions of 100%THA, 75%THA and 50%THA were compared. The simulation results show that the response of steam parameters at the boiler outlet is the slowest after feed-water temperature is disturbed, and the stability time is approximately 2 300 s under 100%THA working condition. The response of steam parameters at the boiler outlet is the fastest after excess air coefficient is disturbed, and the stability time is approximately 720 s. The stability times of the steam parameters at the boiler outlet are approximately 1 040 s and 1 250 s respectively after coal flow rate and feed-water flow rate are disturbed. In the initial stages of transient processes after coal flow rate, excess air coefficient and feed-water temperature are disturbed, there are short-term “reverse” changes in the steam temperature at the boiler outlet. In addition, the thermal inertia of the double-reheat boiler will increase as the boiler load decreases. The simulated dynamic characteristics of the double-reheat coal-fired boiler with triple-rear passes can provide the basis for further optimization of the unit operation control strategies.
Optimization of low-calorific-value coal co-firing for CFB boilers in industrial parks
DENG Tuoyu;DONG Zhixin;Driven by the “dual-carbon” goals, the establishment of integrated energy systems in industrial parks, and the large-scale renewable integration have imposed heightened flexibility requirements on coal blending for thermal power units. The coal blending process comprises two stages: pre-furnace and in-furnace operations. During pre-furnace blending, a minimum coal quality deviation model addresses low-calorific-value coal utilization. Chaos search-based adaptive mutation particle swarm optimization blends such coal into furnace-compliant mixtures meeting boiler specifications. For in-furnace blending, dynamic adjustment of coal ratios across load ranges ensures load stability while minimizing fuel costs. A two-stage optimization model resolves circulating fluidized bed(CFB) boiler blending: Stage 1 selects coal feeder combinations according to weekly peak chemical plant loads and PV generation scenarios; Stage 2 optimizes coal feed rates under load-balance constraints, incorporating desulfurization-driven sulfur content limits. Comparative analysis under spring irradiance conditions reveals that in-furnace blending of two coals reduces daily combustion costs by 4.36×105 yuan. Post-retrofit evaluation of blending of three coals demonstrates a further reduction in daily fuel costs.
Performance simulation of synergistic CO2 capture and NOx removal by integrated compression-purification for natural gas oxy-fuel combustion flue gas
YANG Shaolong;FU Aijun;HE Jiawei;LI Xiaoshan;LUO Cong;WU Fan;ZHANG Liqi;[Objective] This study aims to investigate the applicable conditions and key operational parameters for an integrated compression, purification, decarbonization, and denitrification process applied to natural gas oxy-fuel combustion flue gas. The research seeks to clarify the technical feasibility and performance boundaries of this process for achieving efficient carbon dioxide(CO2) capture coupled with deep removal of nitrogen oxides(NOx), providing a practical solution for integrated carbon capture and pollutant control in natural gas oxy-fuel combustion systems. [Methods] A steady-state process model for the compression and purification of oxy-fuel combustion flue gas was developed using Aspen Plus, which accurately describes the thermodynamic behavior of the high-pressure, multi-component gas mixture. Through systematic simulation and parametric sensitivity analysis, the study focused on the combined effects of the initial CO2 volume fraction in the flue gas and the system operating pressure on process performance. Key performance indicators evaluated include the CO2 recovery rate, liquid CO2 product purity, NOx removal efficiency, and specific comprehensive power consumption. [Results] The simulation results establish a definitive and strong correlation between the CO2 recovery efficiency and the initial concentration of CO2 in the flue gas. A clear technical threshold is identified: to attain a CO2 recovery rate of 80% or higher, the initial CO2 volume fraction must exceed 60%. This finding defines a primary applicability criterion for the compression-purification approach. Subsequent analysis concentrated on flue gas compositions meeting this highconcentration criterion(>60% CO2). Within this domain, the system operating pressure emerges as the most influential parameter governing the synergistic relationship between NOx abatement and CO2 purification efficiency. Detailed parametric optimization reveals a distinct optimal operating pressure of 2.8 MPa. Operating at this pressure enables the process to achieve superior performance across all key metrics: the NOx removal efficiency surpasses 94%, the purified liquid CO2 product attains a purity of 95% or higher, and the target CO2 recovery rate of ≥80% is reliably maintained. Crucially, this operating point corresponds precisely to the minimum in specific power consumption, which is quantified at 120.1 kW·h per ton of CO2 captured. This represents an optimal trade-off, balancing high environmental performance with minimized energy penalty, a critical factor for economic feasibility. [Conclusion] The compression and purification technology is suitable for treating oxy-fuel combustion flue gas with a high initial CO2 volume fraction(>60%). By optimizing the system pressure to 2.8 MPa, efficient CO2 capture and deep NOx removal can be achieved simultaneously with low energy consumption. This study clarifies the key performance thresholds and optimal operating parameters for this integrated process, providing a concrete and feasible technical solution for achieving pollution reduction, carbon mitigation, and resource utilization in natural gas oxy-fuel combustion systems.
Modeling method for boiler main steam temperature by integrating mechanism model and parameter identification
LI Junjie;ZHANG Yinan;YANG Yu;DAOERJI Surong;ZHANG Xiang;TANG Xiaoyu;WANG Wenhai;ZHANG Tao;ZHANG Bo;Accurate modeling of main-steam temperature is the foundation for studying its control strategy. To address the contradiction between mechanism completeness and model practicality of the conventional modeling methods, a hybrid modeling method for main steam temperature integrating mechanism model and system identification was proposed. A mechanistic model of main steam temperature was established based on the lumped parameter method. The model includes the effects of flue gas heat transfer, steam flow rate and desuperheating water flow rate. According to the closed-loop operation data of a thermal power plant boiler, the model parameters were identified using differential evolution algorithm. Compared with the boiler design values, the identification results show an increase in thermal resistance of ash layer and a decrease in convective heat transfer coefficient of flue gas, which conforms to physical laws. The model was then verified using operational data from different time periods. The results indicate that the mean absolute error between the calculated results and the operational data is less than 1 ℃, which proves the accuracy of the model. By utilizing the model, the dynamic characteristics of the main-steam temperature were further analyzed, and several improved control strategies were proposed, such as increasing the feedforward signals of the coal feeding rate and the attemperator inlet steam temperature, and adopting a load-based fuzzy controller. The simulation results show that the deviation of the main-steam temperature is reduced, which proves the established model has guidance effect on optimizing the main-steam temperature control system.
Research on the mechanism of the impact of burner structure on nitrogen oxide generation and decomposition efficiency in the ammonia-hydrogen combustion-decomposition coupling systemPlease type in English title
LIU Wei;YUAN Xiaoxue;WANG Xin;LIU Bin;XU Li;To address the growing demand for peak-load regulation in power systems and low-carbon hydrogen production， this study establishes a detailed numerical model for the coupled ammonia–hydrogen combustion and cracking process， employing ammonia as an energy storage and hydrogen carrier medium. The model systematically investigates the influence of different burner configurations—namely conventional burners， single-layer porous burners， double-layer porous burners， and staged burners—as well as the inlet velocity within the cracking zone on NOx emission characteristics and ammonia decomposition efficiency. By integrating heterogeneous catalytic kinetics of the Ni–Ni-Pt/Al2O3 catalyst with porous-medium resistance and heat-transfer models， the simulation framework captures the complex thermo-chemical interactions within the integrated reactor. The reliability of the numerical model is validated through comparison with experimental data reported in the literature， showing an average absolute error of less than 4.4%， which confirms its capability to accurately predict the coupled combustion–cracking behavior. The simulation results reveal that the endothermic ammonia cracking process significantly alters the thermal field within the reactor. The strong heat absorption associated with catalytic cracking reduces the peak temperature in the combustion zone， thereby effectively suppressing the formation of thermal NO. Although the concentration of N2O exhibits a slight increase (approximately 0.7 ppm)， the overall NOx emissions are substantially reduced due to the dominant decrease in NO formation. All four burner configurations can achieve an ammonia decomposition rate as high as 99.99%; however， notable differences exist in the spatial distribution of regions with high decomposition rates and in the associated emission characteristics. Specifically， the staged burner demonstrates strong capability in NOx mitigation because of the distributed combustion strategy. Nevertheless， the secondary injection of relatively cold ammonia leads to a delayed initiation of the cracking reaction， which may influence system stability under certain operating conditions. The double-layer porous burner exhibits superior thermal storage capacity， enabling sustained catalytic activity; however， localized high-temperature zones within the porous matrix tend to promote the formation of NO. In contrast， the single-layer porous burner provides a more balanced thermal environment， achieving an optimal compromise between NOx suppression and efficient heat supply for ammonia cracking， thus demonstrating the most favorable integrated performance. Further parametric analysis indicates that increasing the inlet velocity in the cracking zone enhances convective heat transfer and strengthens the heat-absorption effect of the cracking reaction. As a result， the combustion temperature is further reduced， leading to a more pronounced decrease in NO formation compared with the slight increase in N2O. Consequently， the overall NOx emissions continue to decline with increasing inlet velocity. Notably， even at a relatively high inlet velocity of 10 m/s， the ammonia decomposition rate remains above 90%， indicating robust catalytic performance under intensified flow conditions. Overall， this work elucidates the thermal–chemical synergy mechanism underlying ammonia–hydrogen combustion–cracking integration. It identifies the single-layer porous burner as the most suitable configuration for power-generation-side peak-load regulation scenarios. The findings provide a solid theoretical foundation and valuable engineering guidance for the integrated design of ammonia energy storage， hydrogen production， and ultra-low-NOx combustion systems.
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Carbon emission accounting and analysis for a coal and biomass co-fired power plant coupled with carbon capture and storage
ZHANG Shihao;ZHAO Yue;LI Xiaoshan;WU Fan;LUO Cong;ZHANG Liqi;[Objective] Co-combustion of coal and biomass coupled with CCS technology has negative carbon emission potential， which is one of the important paths to realize the low-carbon transformation of coal power. This study aims to further explore the carbon reduction potential of this technology in enterprise-scale application. [Methods] A carbon accounting system is established from the enterprise level， and takes a 350 MW coal and biomass co-combustion plant coupled with CCS technology as the research object， and carries out the optimization of carbon accounting model for combustion process， desulfurization process， and indirect emission， based on the whole process of “combustion end - CCS end”. The carbon flow analysis of multi-source emissions was carried out to quantitatively evaluate the impacts of biomass type， blending ratio and carbon capture efficiency on carbon emissions. [Results] The results show that straw blending has a slightly better emission reduction effect than wood blending. Increasing the blending ratio and carbon capture efficiency will lead to an increase in the indirect carbon emissions of the CCS system. Under the conditions of less than 20% blending ratio and 80%～100% carbon capture efficiency， increasing the blending ratio of biomass can get more net emission reduction benefits than increasing the carbon capture efficiency. There is a significant parameter coupling effect between the biomass species， the blending ratio and the carbon capture efficiency. There is a significant parameter coupling effect between biomass type， blending ratio and carbon capture efficiency. [Conclusion] The results of the study provide data support and decision-making basis for power generation enterprises to formulate low-carbon transition strategies.
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Optimal configuration and economic analysis of wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen-storage systems considering grid constraints and key equipment operating characteristics
YOU Xiaohui;ZHANG Meng;NAN Xiong;DAI Xiaoye;SHI Lin;SONG Yin;[Objective]To improve the practicality of wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen storage system planning and the accuracy of economic evaluations， an optimal configuration method that integrates multiple constraints is proposed. It addresses the common oversight in current research regarding actual grid constraints and the operational characteristics of key equipment. [Method]The core innovation of this method lies in the organic integration of critical equipment operational features with grid policy constraints， which is reflected in two main aspects: first， by considering the start-stop characteristics of the electrolyzer， a dynamic start-stop and weighted power allocation strategy is adopted to better align with real-world operational scenarios; second， key policy requirements， such as grid feed-in and feed-out power limits and electricity quotas， are incorporated as rigid boundary conditions into the optimization model. The constructed model takes the net present value (NPV) over the full life cycle as the objective function， comprehensively considering grid constraints and electrolyzer operational characteristics. A case study is conducted based on actual meteorological data from a region in Inner Mongolia， focusing on a 150 MW integrated wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen storage project. The system configuration includes 100 MW of wind power and 30 MW of photovoltaic power. The simulation analysis period spans 20 years， with a discount rate of 5% applied for economic evaluation. [Results] The results show that the proposed method can derive a technically feasible and economically optimal system configuration while strictly adhering to policy and operational constraints. This effectively avoids the underestimation of operational costs and potential infeasibility due to model oversimplification. Both hydrogen selling price and feed-in tariff are key parameters influencing the system’s economic performance， with the sensitivity of hydrogen price to NPV being significantly higher than that of the feed-in tariff—the absolute sensitivity coefficient of hydrogen price is eight times greater. The calculated breakeven parameters indicate that， with a feed-in tariff of 0.282 9 CNY/(kW·h)， the hydrogen price must reach at least 1.88 CNY/m3 for the project to achieve profitability， providing a clear quantitative basis for feasibility assessment. The case study results indicate that， under current hydrogen and electricity price levels， the project’s economic viability remains challenging， requiring coordinated efforts in technology cost reduction， market mechanisms， and policy support. [Conclusion]The proposed method enhances the adaptability of planning schemes to actual engineering and policy environments， offering a theoretical foundation and practical decision-making support for the scientific planning of wind-photovoltaic-hydrogen storage systems. The modeling framework can also be extended to feasibility assessments of other new energy projects， including solar-hydrogen， wind-hydrogen， and various other renewable energy storage configurations， providing valuable insights for decision-makers and project developers in the energy transition process.
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Simulation study of the effect of hydrogen cofiring on thermal performance for SGT 800 gas turbine combined cycle unit
NI Yuzhou;ZHANG Junfeng;XIONG Li;TU Yaojie;With the deepening of global carbon reduction trends and the promotion of large-scale hydrogen application， the retrofitting of hydrogen blending combustion technology for existing gas turbine units is an important and promising way to achieve the low-carbon energy transformation in the power and heating sectors. This study established a thermal system model based on the Ebsilon thermal system simulation platform for a SGT800 dual-pressure non-reheat combined cycle unit of a combined heat and power cogeneration gas turbine power plant. The influence laws of hydrogen blending ratio (0-50%， mass basis) and gas turbine load rate on the system running parameter as well as thermal performance of the combined heat and power system were systematically investigated， under the condition of maintaining the total fuel heat input and turbine inlet temperature constant. The results show that as the H2 blending ratio increases， the fuel mass flow rate gradually decreases， and in order to keep the turbine inlet temperature unchanged， the excess air coefficient at the turbine inlet also needs to be correspondingly reduced. However， the turbine exhaust temperature， flow rate and heat do not monotonically change with the increase of hydrogen blending ratio. This is the result of the dynamical adjusting of the cooling air flowrate of the system to maintain a constant turbine inlet temperature. Under the 100% gas turbine load rate and maximum extraction-condensing working condition， the gas turbine power generation efficiency and the combined cycle system efficiency reach the maximum values of 41.05% and 80.79% at nearly 20% hydrogen blending ratio respectively， which are 1.38% and 1.16% higher than the pure natural gas combustion working condition. Further examination of the influence of hydrogen blending combustion under variable load conditions of the unit on system operating parameters reveals that， when the hydrogen blending ratio increases from 0% to 50%， the gas turbine power generation efficiency increases by 1.38%， 1.28% and 1.12% respectively at 100%， 80% and 60% gas turbine load rates， and the combined cycle system efficiency increases by 1.16%， 1.08% and 0.92% respectively. Overall， the impact of hydrogen blending combustion on the performance of the CHP gas turbine combined cycle unit exhibits a complex and dual-dimensional load-dependent characteristic. In the high-load range， hydrogen blending provides optimization to the combustion process to maximize the absolute efficiency gain of the unit; in the low-load range， hydrogen blending raises the performance baseline of the unit to ensure its economic feasibility in deep peak-shaving working conditions.
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Oscillation suppression of hydropower units based on an improved particle swarm optimization algorithm controller parameter optimization
BAO Gang;YUAN Yuran;XU Jiangtao;KE Sixian;WEI He;[Objective] Ultra-low frequency oscillations (ULFOs)， typically occurring in the range of 0.1–0.7 Hz， have become a critical stability issue in power systems with a high penetration of hydropower units. In practical operation， inappropriate or poorly tuned governor control parameters may introduce insufficient damping or even negative damping， thereby triggering or amplifying ULFOs. The objective of this study is to develop an effective and engineering-oriented parameter optimization method for hydropower unit governors to enhance low-frequency damping performance and improve dynamic stability under disturbances. [Methods] A governor parameter optimization framework based on an improved particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm is proposed. The method is established on a typical generator–turbine coupled model that captures the hydro-mechanical dynamics of the water diversion system， turbine， and generator. A fractional-order PID (FOPID) controller is adopted to provide higher flexibility and control accuracy compared with conventional integer-order PID controllers. To overcome the limitations of traditional PSO， such as premature convergence and weak global search capability in complex multi-parameter optimization problems， several improvements are introduced. First， a multi-strategy particle initialization scheme is employed to enhance the uniformity and diversity of the initial population， providing a more favorable starting point for global exploration. Second， a dynamic diversity enhancement mechanism is developed to monitor population evolution in real time and adaptively adjust the search strategy， thereby preventing stagnation and maintaining exploration ability during iterations. Third， a robust fitness function is constructed by comprehensively integrating key performance indicators， including low-frequency oscillation characteristics， regulation time， overshoot， and steady-state error. These indices are jointly considered to form a multi-objective optimization framework specifically oriented toward low-frequency performance and engineering feasibility. [Results] Comparative simulation studies are carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed method. The improved PSO-based approach is systematically compared with traditional PSO， enhanced PSO， the whale optimization algorithm (WOA)， the grey wolf optimizer (GWO)， and an empirical tuning method. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method exhibits clear advantages in suppressing ultra-low frequency oscillations. Specifically， the optimized controller significantly reduces oscillation amplitude and damping time， shortens system regulation time， and effectively suppresses response overshoot. Moreover， under external disturbances and parameter variations， the optimized governor shows improved dynamic stability and stronger parameter robustness compared with the benchmark methods. The results indicate that the proposed improved PSO achieves a better balance between convergence efficiency and global optimality， leading to superior overall control performance. [Conclusion] The proposed improved PSO-based governor parameter optimization method effectively enhances low-frequency damping characteristics and mitigates ultra-low frequency oscillations in hydropower units. By combining multi-strategy initialization， dynamic diversity enhancement， and a robust fitness function design， the method achieves reliable and high-quality parameter tuning without modifying hardware structures or higher-level control architectures. The study provides a practical and scalable technical solution for oscillation suppression in hydropower-dominated power systems and offers valuable guidance for engineering applications involving governor parameter tuning under complex operating conditions.
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THE FORMATION MECHANISM OF AMMONIUM BISULFATE IN SCR FLUE GAS DENITRIFICATION PROCESS AND CONTROL THEREOF
MA Shuangchen,JIN Xin,SUN Yunxue,CUI Jiwei College of Environmental Science and Engineering,North China Electric Power University,Baoding 071003,Hebei Province,PRCThe principle of selective catalystic reduction(SCR) denitrification process has been briefly expounded,pointing out the harmfulness of ammonium bisulfate(ABS) occurred in SCR denitrification process.The main affecting factors for ABS formation,such as the mole ratio of NH3/NOx,the SO3 concetration,and the dew point of ABS etc.,have been analysed in detail.According to the properties of ABS,the measures for controlling formation of ABS and recducing negative impacts of ABS have been put forward:through controlling the amount of ammonia escape in the SCR process and the oxidation rate of SO2 in the flue gas,the formation amount of ABS is to be reduced;in order to prevent the catalyst to lose its activity due to hold-up of ABS,the operating time of SCR under low load has to be reasonably controlled;for effectively decreasing the formation rate of ABS on heat-exchanging elements in the preheater,the ceramic coating has to be selected for said elements.
ADVAHCEMENT AND ENGINEERING APPLICATION OF FLUE GAS DENITRIFICATION TECHNOLOGY BY USING SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION METHOD
ZHANG Qiang, XU Shishen, WANG ZhiqiangThe flue gas denitrification technology by using selective catalytic reduction(SCR) method widely used and under research at present, as well as catalytic agents system have been sammarized, some factors affecting the SCR process, such as reaction temperature, flue gas velocity in space of the reactor, flow pattern of the flue gas and mixing with ammonia turbulence, as well as passivation of catalytic agent etc., have been analysed in detail, and preventive measures being put forward. It is indicated that the SCR technology is even though a matured technique, and has high efficiency of flue gas denitrification, but the capital investment and operation cost are very high, becoming the main factors that limit the development and application of SCR method. Hence, the advancement and study target of a low temperature SCR technology which can reduce the entire cost of SCR facility have been presented.
Discussions on deep peaking technology of coal-fired power plants
ZHANG Guangcai;ZHOU Ke;LU Fen;LIU Honggang;ZHOU Zhipei;ZHOU Lingyu;In order to improve the consumption capacity of renewable energy in China,carrying out deep peaking transformation for coal-fired power plants has become a development trend in the future.This paper discussed the main operation and transformation technologies of deep peaking for coal-fired power plants from three aspects: improving the combustion stability at low loads,conducting thermoelectric decoupling under heating conditions,and improving the adaptability of main auxiliary equipments and its environmental protection devices at low loads,thus to provide ideas for technological transformation for power plants.
STUDY ON PROPERTIES OF ZHUNDONG COAL IN XINJIANG REGION AND TYPE-SELECTION FOR BOILERS BURNING THIS COAL SORT
YANG Zhongcan,LIU Jiali,HE Hongguang Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd,Xi'an 710032,Shaanxi Province,PRCBy using the combustion test stand in Xi'an Thermal Power Research Institute Co Ltd,the properties of ignition,burn-away,as well as contamination and slagging of zhundong coal sort have been studied,results show that the Zhundong coal has excellent ignition and burn-away properties,but its contamination and slagging properties are severe.For boilers being in service,the managemetn of coal-pile and coal-distributing pipes has to be strengthened,reasonably controlling the proportioning ratio of Zhundong coal,optimizing the operation mode of boilers,and suitably increasing sootblowing times for easily slagging locations.For newly constructed boilers,the consideration has to be centered on aspects of combustion mode,thermal load in the furnace,flue gas temperature at outlet of the furnace,fineness of the pulverized coal,and arrangement of the sootblowers etc.,effectively preventing the heating surface from contamination and slagging.
Evaluation indices of flow velocity distribution uniformity:comparison and application
LI Tan;JIN Shiping;HUANG Suyi;LIU Wei;Flow velocity distribution uniformity is widely applied in many fields,but it has no unified evaluation index till now.A variety of indices play a unique role in their respective field.A comparison between the evaluation indices in different fields was carried out to analyze their respective functions.A theoretical model was applied to figure out relationship between each evaluation indices,which can provide references for selecting evaluation index in future research.Meanwhile,these indices were used in experimental results of velocity distribution in hot blast stove model,to analyze the characteristics that each index reflected in common flow field.
Overview of the progress and development prospects of key technologies for hydrogen production under the goal of carbon neutrality
LI Jianlin;LI Guanghui;MA Suliang;WANG Han;This article reviews the research progress of hydrogen production technology, analyzes the background of hydrogen energy development, sorts out and interprets China's current policies related to hydrogen energy, and investigates several typical hydrogen production projects in China. The application status and key technology principles of hydrogen production are sorted out and compared, including the principles of hydrogen production from coal, hydrogen production from alcohols, and hydrogen production from water electrolysis, electrolytic cell structure, and mathematical models. Moreover, the significance of the conversion from "gray hydrogen" to "green hydrogen" is analyzed, which provides reference for the development of key technology of "green hydrogen" production.
Analysis and thinking of hydrogen energy policies in China under “double carbon” target
HE Qing;MENG Zhaoxin;SHEN Yi;HU Huawei;Hydrogen energy is the most promising secondary clean energy at present. The development policies of hydrogen energy in China are expounded from the national and municipal perspectives. The shortages of hydrogen energy industry in China are analyzed and suggestions for the future development of hydrogen energy are put forward. The research shows that, under the incentive of large number of supportive policies and financial subsidies in China, the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, Yangtze River Delta region and Pearl River Delta region have initially established an all-round hydrogen energy industry chain, including hydrogen production and storage, fuel cells,hydrogen fuel cell vehicles, and hydrogen refueling stations. China is still in the primary stage of development in terms of top-level planning, key components and core technologies of hydrogen energy. In the future, it is necessary to strengthen strategic guidance of hydrogen energy development, make breakthroughs in core technologies of hydrogen energy, actively carry out green hydrogen demonstration and broaden the application scenarios of hydrogen energy.
Review on technologies of hydrogen production from biomass
YIN Zhengyu;FU Chuanlue;HAN Kuihua;LI Yingjie;GAO Ming;HE Suoying;QI Jianhui;Rational development and utilization of hydrogen energy can promote the transformation and upgrading of Chinese energy structure, as well as the sustainable development of society. To achieve the carbon peak and neutrality targets, biomass hydrogen production technology is considered as a green hydrogen production technology with great development potential. The technology can be divided into thermochemical hydrogen production technology and biological hydrogen production technology. The principles, influencing factors,advantages and disadvantages and research status of hydrogen production technologies involving steam gasification,supercritical water gasification, biomass pyrolysis reforming, light fermentation and dark fermentation are reviewed in this paper. Moreover, the technical barriers and future development obstacles of various hydrogen production technologies are comprehensively analyzed. The research has certain guiding significance for the development of biomass hydrogen production technology.
Economic analysis and risk assessment for carbon capture, utilization and storage project under the background of carbon neutrality in China
LIU Muxin;LIANG Xi;LIN Qianguo;During the post-epidemic era, global economic recovery has become the main topic for every country. China has put forward a clear climate goal of striving to achieve carbon neutrality by 2060. Carbon capture, utilization and storage(CCUS) is widely considered as an essential technology to achieve the climate target of carbon neutrality. Establishing a reasonable business model for CCUS project is a necessary step to promote the large-scale deployment of CCUS in China. By reviewing the business model of international large-scale integrated CCUS projects and national CCUS demonstration projects, it is clear that the business model of CCUS must include the government guidance with a complete set of incentive policy scheme, the support from a developed carbon market, a number of enterprises jointly invest or set up joint venture to reduce the risks, and combined with high added value carbon dioxide utilization technologies. The authors also simulated a million-ton CCUS project in an ultra-supercritial coal-fired plant in Guangdong province as a case study. They use NPV method and @risk software to evaluate the economic benefit and assesse the risks. The results show that, at the current low oil and carbon prices,the high value-added project could still be profitable. With the increase in carbon price caused by the improvement of national emission trading system and the rise in oil price caused by global economic recovery, it is expected to have a positive impact on the economic benefits of CCUS projects. The next ten years will become the key time node of CCUS development.
ANALYSIS OF MAIN FACTORS AFFECTING THERMOGRAVIMETRIC CURVES IN THERMOGRAVIMETRIC TEST
XU Chao-fen, SUN Xue-sin, GUO xinSeveral main factors affecting thermogravimetric (TG) curves is TG analysis test have been analysed, it is believed that the experimental condition among the said factors to have max. influence upon the TG technolgy, and the influence of instrument factor and samples etc. to take the second place. The test results show it is suitable that the optimal temperature rise rate of coal samples used in the tests to be 50 ℃/min, and the air flow rate to be 50 mL/min.
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